Sierra Leone is bordered for the north-west, south and north-east simply by the Republic Guinea, on the south-east by the Republic of Liberia and even on south-west by simply the Atlantic Ocean. It has a good area of 28, 925 square miles. The colony of Sierra Leone originated in the sale plus cession in 1787 by native chiefs to English settlers of a piece associated with land intended like a home for Photography equipment settlers who have been waifs working in london plus later it seemed to be used as a settlement for separated African slaves. The particular hinterland was declared a British Protectorate on 21st August, 1896. Sierra Leone attained independence on 27th April, 1961 and became some sort of Republic in year 1971. Education is presented by both exclusive and state-sponsored schools. The current method of education will be 6-3-4-4 (that will be six years Major school, three years Jr . Secondary School, several years Senior Extra School and four many years tertiary/higher education. This kind of system is complemented by non- formal education.

CONCEPT REGARDING EDUCATION AND LEARNING

Education will be frequently utilized in typically the sense of coaching in the class room, laboratory, workshop or perhaps domestic science space and consists principally inside the imparting simply by the teacher, and even the acquisition by simply pupils, of data and mental because well as handbook skills. A wider meaning than coaching is that regarding schooling. That is to say almost all that goes in within the school because part of the particular pupil’s life generally there. It includes, among some other things, relationship in between pupils and professors, pupils and students both in in addition to outside the college. T. S. Mill (1931) opined that what ever helps to shape the human staying; to make the individual what he or she is or impede him from getting what they are not necessarily is section of his / her education. Implicitly schooling is lifelong and even ubiquitous; it is the amount total of most influences which go to make a person what he or she is, from birth to dying. It includes your home, our neighbors, plus the street among other folks.

Education is to be able to some extent some sort of deliberate planned method devised and carried out by the mentor with the purpose involving imbuing the spanish student with certain data, skills, of thoughts and body since well as modes of behavior regarded desirable. In section it does not take learner’s individual respond to the atmosphere in which he lives. Education has three focal items: the individual/person upon whom the educator’s influences are introduced to bear; the society or neighborhood to which this individual belongs; and typically the whole context regarding reality within which often the individual in addition to society play their own part. Man is certainly a social monster; he grows as a person through typically the impact of persona on personality; and even for his basic physical requires he depends upon what support and cooperation of his fellow adult men and women. Without society and the mutual support plus enrichment of activities which it offers world is impossible and even the life involving man, in Hobbes’ words, is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. inches

One of the particular fundamental facts involving human existence is the tension between your pull of the particular past and typically the forward urge into the future, between stability and modification, tradition and innovation. For effective residing, man has to have a round of security, a good area of recognized habits and relationship which forms trustworthy relationships. This is definitely also true involving society. For the effective functioning generally there must be an underlying continuity of traditions and outlook which often preserves its identity as a society and safeguards that from the disruptive results of change. Transformation must be for life and not static but this transform in turn need to be controlled simply by the basic cultures of society. That is tradition that gives a nation its character and distinctiveness as a culture. The conservation associated with tradition therefore is usually obviously crucial.

It has been identified from time immemorial that the resource efficiency of traditional training has an essential part to perform in the advancement the child. The children of today are the particular adults of the next day; they must be trained therefore, to inherit and perpetuate the particular beliefs and settings of life peculiar to the specific society to which they belong. For every society has the desire to protect itself not just physically but since local community consciously sharing certain aims, ideals and even patterns of conduct. This type associated with education is not really necessarily formal throughout schools by means of classroom instruction but that effected indirectly via the family and with the impact about the individual regarding social influences and customs which the particular child cannot evade. In Sierra Leone this social training included elaborate ceremonies of initiation involving feats of stamina in which young males and women should prove themselves worthy of the community. Typically the ultimate goal has been to produce someone who was honest, respectful, skilled, cooperative, and that could conform to typically the social order associated with the day. As Aristotle once stated “the constitution of a state can suffer if schooling is neglected. The particular citizens of a state should often be educated to match the constitution from the state. The kind of character best suited to a metabolic rate is the influence which continues to be able to sustain this that is also the state force which usually originally created it” (p. I).

CLASSIC EDUCATION IN SOCIETY

Traditional education features both a creative plus conservation function within society; this can be an effective means of protecting a society’s customs, if not tradition. During the past the characteristics and needs involving society played part in determining the size of education. Professor M. V. C. Jeffreys (1950) once wrote in his guide, Glaucon, that “in a tranquil modern society the educational system can tend to reflect the social pattern, whilst social uneasiness and instability create possibility for using schooling as an tool of social change”(p. 7). A similar view was shared by John Dewey (1897) who opined that through education and learning society can formulate its purposes, can organize its personal means and resources and thus help save itself with definiteness and economy within the direction in which often it wishes to move. Education looks both to the earlier and the foreseeable future; inevitably it demonstrates the traditions in addition to character of modern society. Traditional education can be used to prepare for changes in society in addition to anticipate and prevent modifications or the effects of changes in modern society.

Traditional education sustains and hands upon the customs plus ways of lifestyle which constitute the smoothness of a modern society and maintains its unity. It in addition helps society to be able to interpret its features in new ways in order to meet the challenges of change, looking for ways or lines of development which are consistent with the traditions and customs and will simultaneously raise society into a more complete satisfaction of itself.
STANDARD EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS INSIDE SIERRA LEONE

History reveals that right now there were no formal schools where youngsters were educated in Pre-colonial Sierra Leone. The Poro in addition to Bondo/Sande Secret Communities were viewed seeing that institutions to coach kids. They were rose bush schools. And the education these rose bush schools provided had been informal. Children who else experienced these key societies were regarded competent at carrying out and about their civic obligations. They became grownups and can marry and start living. They considered themselves as you family. Found in other words equally Secret Societies developed sense of comradeship and unity amongst members irrespective associated with family, clan or even ethnic affiliation. It was therefore regarded that children who else had not experienced these secret societies were not completely matured.

The Poro Secret Society is for boys. The spiritual head of the Poro Community is Pa Gbonu, seen only by the older graduates or perhaps members. The physical heads are the Pa Sama Yorgbors and Pa Somanos. They direct the activities from the organization. The senior instructors are the Pennsylvania Kashis, who usually teach and give instructions to various other initiators. The Pennsylvania Manchiyas serve as professors to the initiates while the Kachemas are definitely the scaring mood. They scare typically the women and kids alike with the brand new initiates. The Rakas are the errand boys carrying text messages around. future university are the mind boys. The Bomos are the senior prefects even though the Sayboms are usually the prefects; in addition to the monitors would be the Gbanaboms. Informal classes are held in typically the Secret Poro Rose bush. The subjects educated include Creative Useful Arts, Performing Disciplines, Practical Agriculture, Medicine i. e. usage of local herbs for your treatment of distinct ailments), warfare and even other skills. Found in Creative Practical Disciplines initiates are taught how to help make fishing nets, containers, mats, and etching wood and detergent stones into diverse objects such while animals and individuals; in Performing Martial arts initiates are trained singing, dancing and the use of Poro musical tools. In Practical Culture initiates practice farming. Boys are educated to bear hardship with out complaint and grow used to it. Hence they can be taken to be able to the farms regarding their teachers plus elders to work on pro vale basis. However in the course of the harvest season initiates could pass through these farms using whatever they want and eat without having being questioned simply by farm owners. Starts are taught to respect elders and even use of firearms to kill pets or animals. In a related vein initiates are usually taught how in order to use guns in fighting in security of their residential areas. Other skills initiates are taught incorporate making fish tiger traps, fishing and shopping net, and basketry. Within the use associated with herbs initiates shell out money (some widely given) for curing various sicknesses and with protection against enemies, evil spirits in addition to snake bites. Initiates who want to cause injury to others applying herbs could ‘redeem’ the herb/medicine involved. Over all initiates are taught the new Language voiced only by people called Ke Sornor. For example fonka trika meaning I am talking to you; fonka bonomi which means Talk to me. The work with of this new Language makes teachers very proud plus feel different through non-initiates. Graduates come out with fresh names such since Lamp, Langba and even Kolerr. A graduating ceremony climaxes typically the event.